Virtual memory is a memory management technique that allows a computer to use both physical RAM (Random Access Memory) and disk storage to handle processes more efficiently. It creates an illusion of a larger working memory by temporarily transferring data between RAM and a designated space on the hard drive or SSD, known as the page file or swap space.

When a system runs out of available RAM, it moves inactive data from RAM to virtual memory, freeing up space for active processes. This helps prevent crashes and ensures smoother multitasking, even when physical memory is limited. However, since hard drives and SSDs are significantly slower than RAM, excessive reliance on virtual memory can lead to performance slowdowns.

Common Use Cases:

• Running Large Applications: Supports programs that require more memory than available RAM.
• Multitasking: Enables multiple applications to run simultaneously without system crashes.
• Memory Overflow Handling: Prevents errors when RAM capacity is exceeded.

Key Characteristics:

• Uses Disk Storage: Stores temporary data in a paging file when RAM is full.
• Extends Usable Memory: Increases available memory beyond physical RAM limits.
• Slower than RAM: Can cause performance lags if overused.
• Managed by OS: Automatically allocated and optimized by the operating system.